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1. TRADITIONAL MATERIALS

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2. ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS

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3. DESIGN A LOW CARBON BUILDING

The Pantheon
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CONCRETE

Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the modern world, but it has been used throughout history.

The Romans used concrete to build roads, viaducts and buildings, such as the Pantheon in Rome, which is still standing today.

Pantheon,

Rome, Italy

What it is used for

Concrete foundations

FOUNDATIONS

Concrete walls

WALLS

Concrete floors, walls, and roof

FLOORS

Concrete steps

STAIRS

Concrete beams

BEAMS

Roofing material being laid down

ROOFS

What's good & bad

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CONCRETE, LIKE BRICK, HAS A HIGH THERMAL MASS, SO CAN STORE LOTS OF HEAT

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CEMENT, USED IN MAKING CONCRETE ACCOUNTS FOR 8% OF THE WORLD’S CO₂ EMISSIONS

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ZERO CO2

LOTS OF CO2

> VIEW ANSWER

Interesting information

It is the cement used in making concrete that accounts for the most embodied carbon, because the way it is made uses a lot of heat.

One alternative to cement is to use the waste from manufacturing steel. it is called ‘fly-ash’ and can be used to make concrete nearly as strong as that made using cement.

Concrete powder
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Thermal mass is a measure of how much heat energy can be stored. This means heat from the sun that can be released at night when it gets colder.

Concrete factory

More than 15 billion tonnes of concrete are produced each year,

that’s more than 2 tonnes for every person on earth.